"Labor" and "delivery" describe the process of childbirth. Contractions of the uterus and changes in the cervix (the opening of the uterus) prepare a woman's body to give birth. Then the baby is born, and the placenta follows.
NICHD studies many aspects of labor and delivery: their basic biology, childbirth practices, and management of related problems.
A separate topic covers preterm labor and birth.
General Information
Nearly 4 million infants are born in the United States every year. Learn more about the process of childbirth.
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Labor usually starts between 37 weeks and 42 weeks of pregnancy. Learn the signs and when to call your provider.
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Induction of labor means that a health care provider uses medication to make labor occur. If there is a problem that could harm mother or baby, providers may need to induce labor.
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In the three stages of labor, the body prepares for delivery, the baby is born, and the placenta is delivered. Watch a video that explains more.
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Some women choose medications to relieve pain and manage labor, while others choose natural approaches that do not use medications. Learn more about these options.
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A cesarean delivery, or C-section, is a surgical way to deliver a baby. In 2015, 32% of U.S. births were by C-section. Learn more about when C-section may be needed and its risks.
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Women who have had a cesarean delivery, or C-section, may be able to have a vaginal birth with a later pregnancy. Read about factors to discuss with a provider.
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Each pregnancy and delivery is different, and problems may arise. Common complications include tears and labor that does not progress. Learn more how providers might treat these issues.
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Research
NICHD studies labor, delivery, and related complications and disorders.
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NICHD conducts and supports a variety of clinical research projects related to labor and delivery.
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More Information
Find answers to other common questions about labor and delivery, such as how to spot false labor and what to consider if you decide to give birth outside a hospital.
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Alternate Titles
Childbirth
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