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Down Syndrome
Down syndrome is a set of cognitive and physical symptoms that result from having an extra chromosome 21 or an extra piece of that chromosome. It is the most common chromosomal cause of mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. People with Down syndrome are at risk for several other health conditions.
Understanding Down syndrome and other intellectual and developmental disabilities is part of the reason NICHD was established. Today, the institute continues to lead research on the causes, progression, treatment, and management of Down syndrome, as well as on conditions and diseases that are associated with the syndrome.
General Information
Down syndrome is a set of cognitive and physical symptoms that result from having an extra chromosome 21 or an extra piece of that chromosome.
The symptoms of Down syndrome vary from person to person, and people with Down syndrome may have different problems at different times of their lives.
Down syndrome is caused by a random error in cell division that results in the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Researchers know some, but not all, of the risk factors for Down syndrome.
Health care providers can check for Down syndrome during pregnancy or after a child is born. There are two types of tests for Down syndrome during pregnancy.
There is no single, standard treatment for Down syndrome. Treatments are based on each individual’s physical and intellectual needs, as well as their personal strengths and limitations.
In addition to intellectual and developmental disabilities, children with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for certain health problems.
Research
NICHD has a long-standing history of supporting and conducting diverse research on Down syndrome.
Find a Study
NICHD conducts and supports a variety of research projects related to Down syndrome.
More Information
Find answers to other common questions about Down syndrome, such as how to prepare teens with Down syndrome for adulthood and what health issues might affect adults with Down syndrome.
Links to websites of groups that study or provide information about Down syndrome.
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