Appendix C

The content in this publication was current at the time it was published, but it is not being updated. The publication is provided for historical purposes only.

Table 3. PKU vs Unaffected Non-familial Control Participants on Various Outcomes

Outcome	N	M d	95% Confidence Interval
IQ	86	0.4603	0.3702 to 0.5504
FSIQ	45	0.4972	0.3631 to 0.6313
VIQ	17	0.3970	0.1979 to 0.5961
PIQ	18	0.5417	0.3164 to 0.7670
Executive functions	38	0.4642	0.2337 to 0.6947
Inhibition and flexibility	32	0.3414	0.0973 to 0.5855
Attention	32	0.6547	0.4366 to 0.8728
Sustained and selective	22	0.6345	0.2993 to 0.9697
Behavior	144	0.1325	0.0707 to 0.1943
Ratings	94	0.1573	0.0782 to 0.2364
Psychological disorders	51	0.0929	-0.0078 to 0.1936
Other cognitive and motor skills	114	0.5389	0.4102 to 0.6677
Memory	6	0.3634	-0.2898 to 1.0167
Visual-spatial	27	1.1967	0.8407 to 1.5527
Motor	49	0.3656	0.2754 to 0.4557
Speed of processing	28	0.5293	0.0644 to 0.9943

Note. N=number of effect sizes. Ratings=ratings of general behavior by parents/teachers, and self-concept. A positive effect size reflects a result in which the PKU group performed more poorly than the control group, on average.

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