The NICHD conducts and supports research on many aspects of FXTAS and other fragile X-associated conditions, including what causes them and how they might be prevented or treated. Researchers are seeking factors that explain why some people with the FMR1 premutation have symptoms of FXTAS while others do not. Other studies focus on collecting data from people with known FMR1 mutations and premutations, and from their family members, to see if these mutations or premutations are associated with other diseases or conditions. Research is seeking easier, less expensive, and more accurate screening and diagnostic tests that can provide detailed information on a person’s FMR1 status.